So instead, on Ubuntu 18.04 you might get pip via cd ldd cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_ Unless you’re running inside an environment you’re happy rebuilding from scratch when necessary-like a Docker image-you should never run pip install as root or with sudo to modify your system packages. The problem is that overwriting random files from a system package is a bad idea. However, in some environments that can have issues.įor example, if you look above at how we setup Python in Ubuntu 18.04, we installed pip from a system package. In general, you can do pip install -upgrade pip and call it a day. How you do it depends on your environment. In order to get the latest and greatest packages, without compilation, you need to upgrade to a recent version of pip. That means pip keeps going back to older versions of the package until it finds one that has a manylinux1 wheel available.

If you check the PyPI files for Fil, you’ll see there are manylinux2010 wheels, and no source packages at all because building from source is a little tricky, I only distribute compiled packages.Pip therefore decided to fall back to the source code package, which needs compilation. If you check the available files listings for PyArrow 3.0.0 on PyPI, you’ll see that there are only manylinux2010 and manylinux2014 wheels.The pip in Ubuntu 18.04 is too old, so it only knows about manylinux1. Here’s the problem: old versions of pip don’t support manylinux2010, and certainly not manylinux2014. You can see which variant is being used in the filename of the wheel you’re downloading.

If pip sees a wheel that will work for your specific version of Python and operating system version, it will download it instead of the source code.įor Linux, there are multiple wheel variants: manylinux1, manylinux2010, and manylinux2014.

In order to save you the need to compile everything from scratch, maintainers can upload a compiled version of the code-”wheels”-to the Python Package Index. Many packages-from NumPy to Cryptography-require compiling some code in C/C++/Cython/Rust/etc. Why did an old version get installed? pip and manylinux wheels 100% |#| 573kB 1.8MB/s Installing collected packages: filprofilerĮxcept if you visit the PyPI page for Fil you’ll see that 0.7.2 is quite old.Īs I’m writing this, the latest version of Fil is 0.14.1.

Upgrading pip